How to Diagnose and Treat Gambling Addiction

Many New Zealanders enjoy the thrill of online casinos, with a wide array of slot machines, table games, and live casino options available around the clock. While gambling can be an exciting form of entertainment, it's crucial to recognise that for some, the pursuit of that exhilarating win can spiral into a serious problem.

Gambling disorder, often referred to as gambling addiction, is a recognised impulse-control disorder that can lead to significant social, financial, and psychological distress. Globally, millions grapple with this condition, and New Zealand is no exception. Understanding the signs, diagnosis, and available support is vital for individuals and their whānau (family) affected by problem gambling.

In this article, we'll explore the telltale symptoms of gambling addiction and outline the main treatment options available to help those in need.

Recognising the Signs of Gambling Addiction

Gambling addiction can manifest in various ways, often leading to a cycle of intense highs and devastating lows. These emotional swings can contribute to depression, anxiety, and significant distress. The internalised stress can also have physical repercussions, such as digestive issues or elevated blood pressure. In severe cases, feelings of hopelessness can even lead to suicidal thoughts.

A key indicator of compulsive gambling is when the urge to gamble takes precedence over other life events and responsibilities. Individuals might miss important family gatherings, work commitments, or social events, not necessarily out of malice, but because their addiction has become their primary focus. This relentless compulsion can make it incredibly difficult for them to control their gambling habits, despite negative consequences.

Diagnosing Gambling Disorder

For a formal diagnosis of gambling disorder, an individual typically needs to exhibit at least four out of eight specific behavioural and emotional criteria over a 12-month period. These criteria highlight the progressive nature of the addiction and its impact on a person's life:

1. A persistent need to gamble with increasing amounts of money to achieve the desired level of excitement.
2. Experiencing restlessness or irritability when attempting to cut down or stop gambling.
3. Repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop gambling.
4. Gambling as a way to escape from problems or to relieve feelings of distress, anxiety, or depression.
5. Often returning to gamble another day after losing money, in an attempt to “get even” (chasing losses).
6. Lying to family members, therapists, or others to conceal the extent of their gambling involvement.
7. Jeopardising or losing a significant relationship, job, educational or career opportunity because of gambling.
8. Relying on others to provide money to relieve desperate financial situations caused by gambling.

Pathways to Recovery: Treatment Options

Fortunately, various effective treatment options are available for those struggling with gambling addiction. Recovery is a journey, and often a combination of approaches yields the best results.

Therapy

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a widely recognised and effective therapeutic approach for gambling disorder. CBT focuses on identifying and changing unhealthy thought patterns and behaviours associated with gambling. Through structured sessions, individuals learn coping mechanisms, develop strategies to resist urges, and gain a deeper understanding of the triggers that lead to gambling. Exposure therapy, where patients are gradually exposed to gambling-related cues in a controlled environment, can also help reduce the intensity of the urge to gamble.

Medication

While there isn't a specific medication to “cure” gambling addiction, certain pharmacological treatments can help manage co-occurring conditions and reduce compulsive urges. Antidepressants and mood stabilisers may be prescribed to address underlying depression, anxiety, or mood swings often experienced by those with gambling disorder. Additionally, opioid antagonists, such as naltrexone, have shown promise in weakening the compulsive urges associated with gambling.

Self-Help and Support Groups

Many individuals struggling with gambling addiction feel isolated and misunderstood. Self-help groups, such as Gamblers Anonymous (GA), provide a powerful platform for peer support. In these meetings, individuals can connect with others who share similar experiences, thoughts, and struggles. Sharing stories and strategies in a supportive, non-judgmental environment can provide immense courage and motivation to fight the addiction. These groups foster a sense of community and remind individuals that they are not alone in their battle.

Responsible Gambling Resources in New Zealand

If you or someone you know is struggling with gambling, help is readily available in New Zealand. Reaching out is the first and most crucial step towards recovery.

• Gambling Helpline: Free, confidential support available 24/7. Call 0800 654 655 or text 8006.
• Problem Gambling Foundation of New Zealand (PGF): Offers free, professional, and confidential counselling services for gamblers and their families. Visit pgf.nz.
• OASIS (Salvation Army): Provides free, confidential support and counselling for individuals and families affected by gambling harm. Visit salvationarmy.org.nz/oasis.
• Choice Not Chance: A Ministry of Health initiative offering information and resources on problem gambling. Visit choicenotchance.org.nz.

Conclusion

Gambling, whether through online casinos, slot machines, table games, or live casino options, should always be approached as a form of entertainment enjoyed in moderation. It's vital to maintain control over your habits to prevent the development of a painful and disruptive emotional disorder. If you suspect you or someone you care about might be developing a gambling problem, please don't hesitate to reach out to the dedicated support services available in New Zealand. Taking action early can make a significant difference in the journey towards recovery and a healthier life.